DISEASE:Haemorrhage

 Haemorrhage

Definition : Escape of blood from blood vessels is known as haemorrhage. Example Hemothorax.

CAUSES 

- Trauma

- Coagulation disorder

- Vascular disease

- Neoplastic invasion

Classification

A) On the basis of duration

1. Primary hemorrhage

- During the operation , surgery , trauma.

2. Reactionary hemorrhage

- Bleeding within 24 hours is called reactionary hemorrhage.

- E.g. Thyroidectomy

- It is due to slippage and high blood pressure

3. Secondary haemorrhage

- Haemorrhage after 7 days of medical procedure.

- Due to infection

B) On the basis of morphology

Bleeding from Capillary Venous Artery

                      - capillary -vein. -artery

                     - oozing. -spontaneously -jet 

                                                                like bleeding

                   -bright. - Dark , - Bright ,

                    , red red red

C) On the basis of exposure

1. External haemorrhage revealed

 - can be seen from outside 

 - easy to control

2. Internal haemorrhage

- haemorrhage cannot be seen from outside.

- GI haemorrhage , Brain haemorrhage etc.

D)On the basis of severity Grade    

  I Mild <15% haemorrhage

 II Moderate < 15-30% haemorrhage

III Severe <30-40% haemorrhage

IV Very severe <40% haemorrhage

Investigation

- CT (clotting time) , BT (bleeding time)

- Coagulation profile

- Hb percentage

Treatment

- Tight bandage / Thumb pressure

- Suturing

- Maintain the vital sign : TBRBP ( temperature , pulse , respiray , and blood pressure)

- Intravenous line open

- Blood transfusion