DISEASE: HERNIA

Hernia

Definition

Hernia is defined as the protrusion of organ or parts of the organ through the week part of the body.

Causes

- Anatomical anomaly (defect)
- Surgery
- Pathological condition


Risk Factors
- Chronic cough
- Continuous vomiting
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Ascites

Classification

A) On the basis of Clinical


1. Reducible Hernia
✓ It has a ability to pushed back inside the abdominal cavity , this allow people to remove lump i.e. showing through and to help control it for a little while
✓It may appear as a new lump in growing and abdominal area.
✓It may ache but is not feels tender.


2. Irreducible Hernia
✓It means the person is not able to push back it inside abdominal cavity , this is because the mass is too large or it has blocked the pathway
✓If it is not treated it becomes strangulated hernia.
✓It may be occasionally painful , enlargement
✓Some may have not pain.


3. Obstructed Hernia
✓It mainly occurs in the intestine.
✓Twisting and abdominal pain.
✓Abdominal distension


4. Strangulated Hernia
✓There is obstruction of blood supply.

✓Pain is always present with tenderness.
✓Person looks ill.
✓No blood supply.
✓There is gangrene.


B.) On the basis of site


1. Gastric Hernia
✓Occurs as result of weakness.
✓Occurs at upper middle abdomen , above the navel.
✓Mens are in greater risk than that of women.


2. Incisional Hernia
✓Intestine pushes through the abdominal wall of the previous abdominal surgery.
✓Most common in elder , obese people who are inactive after abdominal surgery.

3. Umbilical Hernia

✓Occurs when the umbilical wall becomes weak and occurs at point of umbilical cord.
✓It is most common in children.


4. Inguinal hernia
✓Develops in the small opening in the diaphragm .
✓Causes heartburn due to regurgitation.


5. Femoral Hernia
✓Occurs between abdomen and thigh.
✓Occurs below the inguinal ligament.

✓Mostly found in pregnant women.


Investigation
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)

- USG
- X-ray


Treatment

- Herniotomy
- Hernioplasty
- Herniorohapy (muscular repair)
- Physiotherapy

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